MDCAT Biology Chapter "THE CELL" All MCQs:

Chapter # 1

The Cell

1-The soluble part of the cytoplasm is termed as

A) Cisternae. C) Endocytosis.

B) Cytosol. D) Both A and B.

2-Which of the following modifies proteins and lipids by adding carbohydrates?

A) Golgi Apparatus. C) Plasma membrane.

B) Polysome. D) None of these.

4-Phragmoplast is formed from vesicle which originates from:

A) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum C) Ribosome

B) Golgi Complex D) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

5-Detoxification of harmful drugs within the cell is done by:

A) Nucleolus C) Ribosomes

B) Smooth Surface Endoplasmic Reticulum D) Food Vacuoles

6- Tay-Sac’s disease is due to the absence of an enzyme that is inverted in the catabolism of:

A) Proteins C) Ascorbic Acid

B) Carbohydrates D) Lipids

7-Microtubules of spindle fibers are composed of a protein called

A) Tubulin C) Myosin

B) Actin D) Troponin

8-bacterial cell membranes do not have sterols.

9- Eukaryotic plasma membrane has sterol.

10-prokaryotic flagella are made of flagellin protein

11-eukaryotic flagella are made of tubulin protein

12-In prokaryotic cell, wall strengthening material is

A) Cellulose C) Chitin

B) Silica D) Peptidoglycan

13- The entire cell wall of bacteria is often regarded as a single huge molecule or molecular complex called

A) Capsule C) Slime capsule

B) Secondary wall D) Sacculus

14-Which of the following contains peptidoglycan cell wall?

A) Penicillium C) Adiantum

B) Bacterium D) Polytrichum

15- The inner membrane of mitochondria is folded to form finger-like structure called

A) Cristae C) Matrix

B) Vesicle D) Cisternae

16-site of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria is cristae.

17- Interior of the chloroplast is divided into the heterogeneous structure, embedded in the matrix known as

A) Grana C) Thylakoids

B) Stroma D) Cisternae

18- Plastids are only found in the

A) Animals and Plant C) Plants

B) Animals D) Viruses

19- Plasma membrane is chemically composed of

A) Phospholipids only C) Lipids and carbohydrates

B) Lipids and proteins D) Glycoproteins

20-All of the following has cellulose in their cell wall except

A) Bryophytes B) water molds

C)Green algae D) Eubacteria

21- Endoplasmic reticulum contains a system of flattened membrane-bounded sacs which are named as

A) Cristae C) Cisternae

B) Marks D) Tubules

22- Lipids synthesis/metabolism takes place in which of the following organelle?

A) Mitochondria C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B) Vacuoles D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

23- Ribosomes exist in two forms, either attached with RER or freely dispersed in the

A) Tonoplast C) Cytoplasm

B) Golgi bodies D) SER

24-The simplest independent unit of life is known as:

A) Bacterial colony C) Chloroplast

B) Cell D) DNA

25- The process by which unwanted structures within the cell are engulfed and digested within the lysosome is known as:

A) Endocytosis C) Hydrolysis

B) Exocytosis D) Autophagy

26-The _______ model of plasma membrane suggests that protein are embedded in a lipid bilayer:

A) Unit membrane C) Permeable

B) Fluid mosaic D) Ultracentrifuge

27- The function of nucleolus is to make:

A) rDNA C) RNA

B) Ribosomes D) Chromosomes

28-Lipid metabolism is the function of:

A) Mitochondria C) RER

B) Sarcoplasmic reticulum D) SER

29-The enzymes of lysosomes are synthesized on:

A) RER C) Chloroplast

B) SER D) Golgi Apparatus

30- carbohydrates in the plasma membrane are oligosaccharides and present the only outer side of the plasma membrane and present in combined form as glycolipids and glycoproteins (glycocalyx). these are cell markers and recognize cell.

31-If transport occurs through carrier or channel proteins without utilization of energy then it is passive transport and respectively called carrier mediated transport and channel-mediated transport

32-carrier mediated diffusion in passive form is called facilitated diffusion

33-gates have channel protein.

34-carrier proteins carry both active and passive transport

35-active transport involves transport from low to high concentration using energy

36-direct active transport/primary active transport= (when ATP provides energy)

37-Endocytosis and exocytosis consume energy.

38-plasma membrane is chemically

A) lipoproteins B) Glycolipids

C) glycoproteins D) nucleoproteins

7. Place the following steps in an action potential in the correct order.
1. Sodium channels become inactivated and potassium channels are opened.
2. Sodium and potassium channel gates are closed; membrane potential is –60mV.
3. Sodium channel gates open in response to a change in membrane potential.
4. Potassium rapidly leaves the cell; membrane potential drops to –75mV.
5. Sodium rushes into the cell; membrane potential reaches +40mV.
A. 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 2.
B. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 2.
C. 2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 2.
D. 2, 3, 5, 1, 4, 2.

39-cell membrane in muscle and nerve cells also involved in conduction.

40 proteins are 60 to 80 % in the plasma membrane

41-lipids are 20 to 40% in the plasma membrane

42-Centrioles are made up of ______ microtubules: A) 9 C) 3 B) 27 D) 12

43-Which of the following structures is absent in higher plants and found in animal cells:

A) Centriole C) Mitochondria

B) Cytoskeleton D) Cytoplasm

44-The soluble part of cytoplasm or the fluid that remains when all organelles are removed is known as:

A) Solution C) Cytoskeleton

B) Gelatin material D) Cytosol

45-The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is at places continuous with the:

A) Golgi apparatus C) Lysozymes

B) ROUGH Endoplasmic Reticulum D) Peroxisomes

46-The intake of liquid materials across the cell membrane is

A) Phagocytosis C) Pinocytosis

B) Endocytosis D) Exocytosis

47-Which one of the following is the site of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria?

A) Cristae C) Outer membrane

B) Matrix D) Ribosomes

48- Organelle involved in the synthesis of ATP is

A) Ribosome C) Nucleus

B) Mitochondria D) Centriole

49-Fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane states that protein molecules float in a fluid _____ layer.

A) Galactose C) Glucose

B) Phospholipids D) Carbohydrate

50-How many triplets of microtubules are present in centriole?

A) Ten C) Nine

B) Eight D) Seven

51-Which one of the following cell structures is involved in the synthesis of lipids?

A) Endoplasmic Reticulum C) Centriole

B) Golgi Complex D) Mitochondria

52- Which organelle is bounded by two membranes?

A) Ribosome C) Lysosome

B) Mitochondria D) Nucleolus

53- At the beginning of the nuclear division, the number of microtubules triplets in two pairs of centrioles that migrate to opposite poles are:

A) 9 C) 108

B) 18 D) 36

54-The rapid exchange of materials through the carrier proteins across the plasma membrane are called:

A) Passive Diffusion C) Endocytosis

B) Active Transport D) Facilitated Diffusion

55- The inner membrane of mitochondria forms extensive infoldings called:

A) Cristae C) Lamella

B) Cisternae D) Bifida

56- Which one of the following organelles is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) Centriole C) Nucleus

B) Endoplasmic Reticulum D) Ribosome

57- _________ is an invagination of cell membrane which helps in cell division.

A) Fimbriae C) Mesosome

B) Nucleoid D) Endospore

58-Name the one involved in DNA replication.

A) Cysts. C) Ribosomes.

B) Mesosomes. D) Spores.

59-Out of the given options, choose the one which shows the structures found only in plants

A) Vacuole, Chloroplast, Ribosomes

C) Chloroplast, Cell Wall, Vacuole

B) Chloroplast, Microtubules, Peroxisomes

D) Chloroplast, Cell Wall, Mitochondria

60- The presence of a large central vacuole is the characteristic of:

A) Prokaryotes C) Fungi

B) Protists D) Plants

61- The basic structure of plasma the membrane is provided by:

A) Proteins C) Cytoskeleton B) Cholesterols D) Phospholipids

62- The organelle involved in detoxification of drugs and poisons in the liver cells is:

A) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum C) Golgi Apparatus

B) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum D) Lysosomes

63-select the organelle which is present only in animal cell

A) centriole B) ribosome

C)R.E. R D) mitochondria

64-DNA molecule in prokaryotes is

A) single circular double-stranded molecule not bound by a membrane
B) double circular molecule
C) single circular double-stranded membrane-bounded
D) linear double-stranded molecule

65-nucleoid is a structure not found in

A) campylobacter B) spiced

C)cyanobacterium D) goblet cells

66_cell wall structure of cell of unknown origin was studied and was found to contain polysaccharide chain-linked with short chains of amino acids what do you think it can be;

a) bacteria b) algae

B) fungus cell D) cortex cell

67-ribosomes present in prokaryotes are the 70s (30+50)

68-ribosome of mitochondria and chloroplast is the 70s (30+50)

69-ribosome of the eukaryotic cell is the 80s (40+60)

70-The ribosomal RNA is synthesized and stored in

A) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi complex

B) Nucleolus D) Chromosomes

71-ratio of rRNA and proteins in Ribosome is 1:1

72-transport of ----------------- occur into the nucleus

1-ATP

2-Nucleotides